- 註冊時間
- 2023-5-6
- 精華
- 在線時間
- 小時
- 米币
-
- 最後登錄
- 1970-1-1
|
發表於 2025-1-4 03:27:02
|
顯示全部樓層
Sexual Precocity in a 16-Month-Old
6 e3 U. i; Z# o+ N2 D; mBoy Induced by Indirect Topical4 X+ u" e3 |& Y2 N1 W- v7 I
Exposure to Testosterone
# {& D' `; v# h- q# G/ }$ n0 Q8 w) FSamar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,1 Tracy Ricke, MD,2: k) p" x& I. c5 `. M. l- Z
and Kenneth R. Rettig, MD1
X9 Y8 ~: ~: v" r9 X$ ?6 oClinical Pediatrics* @( u7 b) Z. Q0 z9 z7 g
Volume 46 Number 6. E o. J8 ], E/ s$ r$ \) }8 |
July 2007 540-543
: z9 C k V! z" X: E9 }© 2007 Sage Publications0 M1 o( Y/ C5 G, @" B6 g' Z; C
10.1177/0009922806296651
B$ f4 O4 I( vhttp://clp.sagepub.com
+ \* H# t; g' P0 d' U* P. `hosted at
& v1 B& `+ i/ whttp://online.sagepub.com0 V8 f8 U* Z9 }) s( f) F
Precocious puberty in boys, central or peripheral,& G# d% J2 }& H3 a$ h- S
is a significant concern for physicians. Central
* N9 C; _ x/ m; P+ ?( S9 u @precocious puberty (CPP), which is mediated
i$ a! Q. M3 Z2 N; Ithrough the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, has& H1 u$ G! w7 m
a higher incidence of organic central nervous system
4 L; s) U4 ?7 k) J! E4 b0 }6 `lesions in boys.1,2 Virilization in boys, as manifested
" t' z$ ^" {) {+ Z, A, ?8 Nby enlargement of the penis, development of pubic: o3 W2 c/ v1 Z' Z
hair, and facial acne without enlargement of testi-. X0 _; c: w4 o
cles, suggests peripheral or pseudopuberty.1-3 We
& d! x, A/ ~! y' s% p8 wreport a 16-month-old boy who presented with the- ^) Z9 Z7 c% r, a# P" h3 r
enlargement of the phallus and pubic hair develop-
3 o6 H) T5 A" k+ C- u* mment without testicular enlargement, which was due- x9 R; g5 L: Z' H& W& j
to the unintentional exposure to androgen gel used by# r2 |3 s1 u6 w: n( t! `7 x6 j2 _3 ^
the father. The family initially concealed this infor-
5 H, n& ~9 E% c1 a) K. \5 {1 B* Xmation, resulting in an extensive work-up for this
; p8 o: Z( P& O6 S! N4 ?* o- Z: Y8 Echild. Given the widespread and easy availability of' b5 Z2 L4 i0 `
testosterone gel and cream, we believe this is proba-3 t$ |/ a4 [& v+ f
bly more common than the rare case report in the
0 I9 c Q; ~8 ~' w# U1 ]literature.4. y: M6 F" F1 r3 V
Patient Report! Q' r9 y# T* c, Y% L
A 16-month-old white child was referred to the
/ `, f8 j9 r( F. A; Iendocrine clinic by his pediatrician with the concern
6 f+ T' [! w) B$ \' a2 D0 pof early sexual development. His mother noticed) P' K) l0 T* e$ V
light colored pubic hair development when he was
/ A# ]: }, A2 I9 B8 {From the 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2University of: X, g- j+ y# M2 T7 \6 w
South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama.
# t1 l5 N5 K3 d7 o+ o% B. @6 [Address correspondence to: Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,
B6 g" y8 z6 d; G( A3 ZProfessor of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, College of
) g3 S& x. D5 x+ ]6 jMedicine, 2451 Fillingim St. Mastin 212, Mobile, AL 36617-2297;
2 T4 u! ?4 d4 @( y6 B1 ]e-mail: [email protected]. C7 v x* L, h/ L% q& A) S# l6 d
about 6 to 7 months old, which progressively became3 Y6 m# C- e, r' ~& Y; u
darker. She was also concerned about the enlarge-
?$ j) J) `4 V! V% r$ ~ J, }ment of his penis and frequent erections. The child2 l* A6 z! S' \# c9 m
was the product of a full-term normal delivery, with+ v( o' k9 Z3 {/ G2 ~
a birth weight of 7 lb 14 oz, and birth length of
9 x1 B! P& @0 L0 }) O; H# [20 inches. He was breast-fed throughout the first year
7 G4 ^# {' R* M' g, ~of life and was still receiving breast milk along with
7 E( J( C; L" |: {/ B: w# x, Psolid food. He had no hospitalizations or surgery,# L8 H2 g3 U/ A, u$ j
and his psychosocial and psychomotor development+ q! Y& d9 ?- }
was age appropriate.3 c, [! t/ w6 y5 t
The family history was remarkable for the father,
9 B/ G7 E* L" E' G4 O! @; _who was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at age 16,
) D& e* m# Y3 @8 W/ m$ pwhich was treated with thyroxine. The father’s
8 Z2 c! ^' t+ I( `" R, u. uheight was 6 feet, and he went through a somewhat
( z8 b% p& t7 u& X2 d" v# V8 Oearly puberty and had stopped growing by age 14.$ C! h- x( t* g
The father denied taking any other medication. The( T, r+ l- U7 j- ]& B3 a% g
child’s mother was in good health. Her menarche, r# i R2 l) g5 F
was at 11 years of age, and her height was at 5 feet' N- B% `) q1 g: \' l4 p
5 inches. There was no other family history of pre-3 W Q: ?6 b$ @# _) z/ S/ d0 W" t
cocious sexual development in the first-degree rela-
% L; ]. h) s% ?/ b3 c9 e C4 mtives. There were no siblings.
! ~9 U# t% W2 [; u. NPhysical Examination. k( u3 ]4 P3 ]* }3 v9 [' C
The physical examination revealed a very active,
c! M: y' _7 ^playful, and healthy boy. The vital signs documented, j8 M/ D: w7 G
a blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, his length was
' D6 I- d0 f9 _! @90 cm (>97th percentile), and his weight was 14.4 kg( n, x! M2 i# }+ p8 N
(also >97th percentile). The observed yearly growth
7 ]. t8 i' Z+ u0 s3 Rvelocity was 30 cm (12 inches). The examination of; q3 |" q+ M2 @
the neck revealed no thyroid enlargement.$ m" I/ s8 Z0 c+ I" }9 ]( s3 a
The genitourinary examination was remarkable for3 S: {) ]3 N. q; g5 {4 r& J
enlargement of the penis, with a stretched length of
) M: j, ?" A# B/ s2 S( s \! @% _8 cm and a width of 2 cm. The glans penis was very well
4 V$ h6 r: [7 S4 r! pdeveloped. The pubic hair was Tanner II, mostly around7 C' w* H1 I! i0 `( o1 Y
540
- G% q1 C5 d% |7 O; j; \5 Nat University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from' }4 {- E0 t8 U! o6 C; ~2 c2 V
the base of the phallus and was dark and curled. The
% U" D5 T; M; h' f, y4 a% ttesticular volume was prepubertal at 2 mL each.0 t: G) t" ^9 ^5 W) R6 T
The skin was moist and smooth and somewhat! Q6 E7 `. E. @; w
oily. No axillary hair was noted. There were no
. D$ H1 O4 o! Iabnormal skin pigmentations or café-au-lait spots.
( H9 l! L# f7 \ {9 `- k r/ KNeurologic evaluation showed deep tendon reflex 2+8 ~, Z% G) B }$ ~2 c% k5 ]
bilateral and symmetrical. There was no suggestion. e+ [, x+ k5 v# @. K( p$ Z# Q
of papilledema.
1 x4 p+ i4 R" L6 G% a# XLaboratory Evaluation
1 ~$ x9 f9 {$ a, x: WThe bone age was consistent with 28 months by
$ w0 v) z. o+ a. E' w" Busing the standard of Greulich and Pyle at a chrono-
$ O9 H2 \: i, I8 b1 ^logic age of 16 months (advanced).5 Chromosomal8 E r. Q5 v7 _: t$ ?/ Y
karyotype was 46XY. The thyroid function test
) ?, u0 I1 e0 l( z9 [, Zshowed a free T4 of 1.69 ng/dL, and thyroid stimu-
$ r8 c% ~5 Y. K* }, ^lating hormone level was 1.3 µIU/mL (both normal)." t: e. b% i3 }' }; J9 ]
The concentrations of serum electrolytes, blood3 b5 v6 \6 k4 q/ w8 m
urea nitrogen, creatinine, and calcium all were, q% G& o, l0 C3 s: I& B; ~& L
within normal range for his age. The concentration7 G' u3 D1 y# |
of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 16 ng/dL* U S4 `. H9 W5 y
(normal, 3 to 90 ng/dL), androstenedione was 20$ ?' {8 U$ V* _/ E( P
ng/dL (normal, 18 to 80 ng/dL), dehydroepiandros-
. u# V2 s& C8 q( l0 R( fterone was 38 ng/dL (normal, 50 to 760 ng/dL),7 X* R/ |* @5 k l0 }4 _
desoxycorticosterone was 4.3 ng/dL (normal, 7 to
8 U, M; C$ z8 K) w" _2 z49ng/dL), 11-desoxycortisol (specific compound S)" d5 D, T* O* ]2 P- r
was 43 ng/dL (normal, 10 to 156 ng/dL), serum cor-- g5 H2 J( d- S% P
tisol was 7.6 µg/dL (normal, 2.8 to 23 µg/dL), total* r" Q; O( J2 w: M' m$ r# s# I
testosterone was 60 ng/dL (normal <3 to 10 ng/dL),
* [$ H* S" {" K. `. D6 Yand β-human chorionic gonadotropin was less than
2 O$ ?) ~+ Q' x5 @* f8 j5 mIU/mL (normal <5 mIU/mL). Serum follicular2 [' U \- k! \2 {5 L
stimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone3 Z' ?5 b6 W' T X/ ]
concentrations were less than 0.05 mIU/mL
' {8 P4 m# u& t' y% y$ L(prepubertal).
, H" y9 p* d, [2 }# qThe parents were notified about the laboratory
8 o+ O' G6 U0 i9 v" Oresults and were informed that all of the tests were
! C: f* _5 ]( C$ |normal except the testosterone level was high. The
; |# a$ x8 u/ I, D) z( |' ifollow-up visit was arranged within a few weeks to
" N0 \; i2 J3 W$ ?; Cobtain testicular and abdominal sonograms; how-
) \8 V3 ]2 Q5 Q) b3 r! G! R) sever, the family did not return for 4 months.
: ~+ F7 R# Z1 y" C: D- m' @Physical examination at this time revealed that the
% F* ^. i* A4 b9 g# |0 ]$ H" v7 u+ ~child had grown 2.5 cm in 4 months and had gained0 Y# x' X0 {, I
2 kg of weight. Physical examination remained
T# {8 W3 x( H# t' gunchanged. Surprisingly, the pubic hair almost com-
9 ~7 X ^1 G4 ^/ y* R6 L& s% Hpletely disappeared except for a few vellous hairs at
. `1 ]0 ~% D8 u8 w' Uthe base of the phallus. Testicular volume was still 2
2 E: l) D* S9 D# D* Z9 v UmL, and the size of the penis remained unchanged.
$ _% d* V. f1 v+ P, |3 H. iThe mother also said that the boy was no longer hav-
1 }: t5 _4 U& P9 c7 B) a& P. ping frequent erections.3 {4 f R! B& M& p3 j$ F7 A& L
Both parents were again questioned about use of: Q/ b, q2 N, R( C- ~. U
any ointment/creams that they may have applied to& M. A9 ~" f, {" A. q; I4 S( N
the child’s skin. This time the father admitted the
- g: u J* n+ [4 \/ k& h, Q6 PTopical Testosterone Exposure / Bhowmick et al 5418 M/ z0 c& M- _' J. Q
use of testosterone gel twice daily that he was apply-5 j* f! N1 U( b q' ]7 U' o% k& x
ing over his own shoulders, chest, and back area for H- F8 k3 r/ m+ y+ A
a year. The father also revealed he was embarrassed/ M3 |" G8 T2 S5 r( y2 i
to disclose that he was using a testosterone gel pre- V1 J( X& ~% g9 m$ M' q, e
scribed by his family physician for decreased libido
4 e* S0 ]: m, U2 Q, X4 W6 u$ {# Psecondary to depression.
/ z( L* a# u3 m n7 @The child slept in the same bed with parents.0 x, w: W, R3 U
The father would hug the baby and hold him on his
" B/ W, U, J; G$ M0 ?9 I: uchest for a considerable period of time, causing sig-
) V- s# z. v% J* snificant bare skin contact between baby and father.1 t$ Z! L8 [) |" N: B) P8 K5 Y
The father also admitted that after the phone call,
D+ k. N! J% R2 E; G, Y9 }3 y! H2 Awhen he learned the testosterone level in the baby$ P7 {; S2 e* A# ]$ U" X+ f/ [
was high, he then read the product information) r. M8 u! B% \* H
packet and concluded that it was most likely the rea-
& A- G% B: c" I Wson for the child’s virilization. At that time, they
# `8 F7 A+ v& ]- ~) U y" idecided to put the baby in a separate bed, and the
& c+ z2 T1 J1 K) X0 lfather was not hugging him with bare skin and had) M+ g. p: N# A* w* C; t
been using protective clothing. A repeat testosterone
5 I3 s) N: ?$ Wtest was ordered, but the family did not go to the
' b# C% d! W4 u. @laboratory to obtain the test.- [. [7 J% X$ E H0 }& ?
Discussion
3 x; ]! r0 w1 @3 D1 qPrecocious puberty in boys is defined as secondary
8 B4 X0 _2 }2 ~. _8 ^& Vsexual development before 9 years of age.1,4
6 t; d1 ^6 x$ p3 Q' r/ y, |7 X, XPrecocious puberty is termed as central (true) when4 _* m6 G$ |$ ^$ `
it is caused by the premature activation of hypo-
- I& I+ a' B3 k6 K, j' dthalamic pituitary gonadal axis. CPP is more com-
H% T5 m; L# w% Qmon in girls than in boys.1,3 Most boys with CPP# Q$ |! W$ K( S- s; C
may have a central nervous system lesion that is1 n' s+ A( o5 U6 @- V# P0 }
responsible for the early activation of the hypothal-
# X% m9 R( w- {1 c' d A. hamic pituitary gonadal axis.1-3 Thus, greater empha-& S- P3 z% F8 ?3 I! Z
sis has been given to neuroradiologic imaging in& Z& {$ f5 Y8 U1 _( u5 L6 E' |
boys with precocious puberty. In addition to viril-
# Q9 P/ F0 F0 Q4 B0 ~# Tization, the clinical hallmark of CPP is the symmet-6 L; E2 B n( \4 g8 [
rical testicular growth secondary to stimulation by+ V% X4 {, M+ j: Z, U
gonadotropins.1,3
# p/ [' o0 | c8 v4 w ]Gonadotropin-independent peripheral preco-+ j& }* B' C+ O( i
cious puberty in boys also results from inappropriate- B: y5 t& Z: M' x' w- B
androgenic stimulation from either endogenous or
/ Q* s' \, V. I0 J. k$ `exogenous sources, nonpituitary gonadotropin stim-; Z( w, x* t- {
ulation, and rare activating mutations.3 Virilizing
; K0 @: d) \$ l0 a& _3 hcongenital adrenal hyperplasia producing excessive" [) N' F' `* z+ E1 `$ l9 z3 o0 V
adrenal androgens is a common cause of precocious' B3 G' k% r7 X' E) T6 y% I
puberty in boys.3,4/ s4 F2 Z+ a$ y$ C g( }
The most common form of congenital adrenal# T+ z l+ H! C3 g& p, m8 D
hyperplasia is the 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency. N. ?4 _2 ^2 H/ i7 p
The 11-β hydroxylase deficiency may also result in/ R* x( H( n0 S, Y# d
excessive adrenal androgen production, and rarely,( c! U; @5 ~5 ?, r1 W7 S. b
an adrenal tumor may also cause adrenal androgen
8 z! D, z2 Q+ D' D( k' bexcess.1,3
( i, u7 E; W Aat University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from- v8 E5 D7 |2 H3 o) w. C
542 Clinical Pediatrics / Vol. 46, No. 6, July 2007
! @ U- D8 x2 T, VA unique entity of male-limited gonadotropin-
8 [: e0 K4 [- _: z; \independent precocious puberty, which is also known8 y9 J8 l$ ~; e
as testotoxicosis, may cause precocious puberty at a
2 y+ Q# Y. I0 U+ B! Dvery young age. The physical findings in these boys0 b' ~3 G- w2 x+ c0 b
with this disorder are full pubertal development,
2 i; ~7 t3 v bincluding bilateral testicular growth, similar to boys3 n2 S5 `6 e9 |/ x$ }
with CPP. The gonadotropin levels in this disorder
8 ^% X: t! [9 I& Lare suppressed to prepubertal levels and do not show2 p6 O5 v. @ V
pubertal response of gonadotropin after gonadotropin-
% I( D* p2 @- ^! ]+ t6 ^9 v+ B9 Areleasing hormone stimulation. This is a sex-linked1 A. {0 }( J$ Z& Q! f8 P9 [
autosomal dominant disorder that affects only$ G) J k' m. H4 \
males; therefore, other male members of the family8 ^% }/ E9 @% L0 B& P7 @2 \& o
may have similar precocious puberty.3
# Y D+ R7 Y% ^0 d1 vIn our patient, physical examination was incon-
( z0 }6 R2 T* _' y1 msistent with true precocious puberty since his testi-
7 a. J/ n6 ?9 |3 m4 B; Zcles were prepubertal in size. However, testotoxicosis- K6 Q& K1 t8 m) [, a3 q$ a7 x
was in the differential diagnosis because his father
6 a. n6 V: e: |2 }started puberty somewhat early, and occasionally,. [7 h2 }) o# n# S1 S; x/ y
testicular enlargement is not that evident in the/ b ~$ V; K. n% U- S; A3 U2 Y
beginning of this process.1 In the absence of a neg-, R) i# J: Z6 [ d' c D
ative initial history of androgen exposure, our
2 O* H& x$ j3 F9 qbiggest concern was virilizing adrenal hyperplasia,/ |) u; `# _" c1 o! F+ Y* W
either 21-hydroxylase deficiency or 11-β hydroxylase- M$ S' _" u% r/ Z# I/ k' B4 C* X
deficiency. Those diagnoses were excluded by find-% Y9 _4 d$ H3 r8 P
ing the normal level of adrenal steroids.; B8 m4 v5 A: c# E( S
The diagnosis of exogenous androgens was strongly5 s! E2 o8 D3 m' ~
suspected in a follow-up visit after 4 months because/ V3 C$ ~+ O$ [3 u7 l' s% D
the physical examination revealed the complete disap-
3 r$ s6 q& V. h4 j- O5 Q, S1 x1 D J. kpearance of pubic hair, normal growth velocity, and# ?, V0 t0 ?9 M {4 V( X
decreased erections. The father admitted using a testos-, W+ R! G- [0 H; u) p: p" x
terone gel, which he concealed at first visit. He was6 W6 c; W4 W+ N- a1 l
using it rather frequently, twice a day. The Physicians’
- Q( Y( C: x! }- l; [/ b1 ~Desk Reference, or package insert of this product, gel or
5 d5 X- u+ s) W9 Q; Xcream, cautions about dermal testosterone transfer to
9 O9 K6 k' c% a. Z i+ k( q- lunprotected females through direct skin exposure.
9 F1 j% t9 ~) ~3 qSerum testosterone level was found to be 2 times the0 v: L5 M/ [* g5 [' f, a) z# E
baseline value in those females who were exposed to' U w$ K) ~) h6 O. _% G+ n
even 15 minutes of direct skin contact with their male
' Y$ B6 E0 B, V; ~& wpartners.6 However, when a shirt covered the applica-
/ W2 K8 g# P5 {; o8 stion site, this testosterone transfer was prevented.) Z6 P) t4 U( h/ f1 a) P) @
Our patient’s testosterone level was 60 ng/mL,
: x# @4 @' i# E, a) A/ B$ A" Lwhich was clearly high. Some studies suggest that
# ?- v8 G8 m1 v' l% k9 F9 r' hdermal conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestos-
, D5 m5 l5 `4 Y5 e4 q6 c4 p4 Q! T" Eterone, which is a more potent metabolite, is more
5 v9 ~5 ~1 c1 V* v7 b; r% J, H6 Yactive in young children exposed to testosterone
- _3 V% R9 q. b! @% t0 Y+ Vexogenously7; however, we did not measure a dihy-! c" Y0 N) l3 k
drotestosterone level in our patient. In addition to
( A2 J; B8 o. i2 M1 {& b8 J5 Z1 N. Tvirilization, exposure to exogenous testosterone in
1 t8 O( p, \2 u" ^- G0 T$ k! h" |children results in an increase in growth velocity and
6 y) H+ N" a; d7 o2 T7 F% P8 gadvanced bone age, as seen in our patient.
0 e* J# d5 ~9 @, j1 AThe long-term effect of androgen exposure during1 H1 g/ m7 n. [* x+ h# c
early childhood on pubertal development and final! S& F4 G. W9 f' Q0 a G
adult height are not fully known and always remain9 F. e1 |3 j6 @, O2 x
a concern. Children treated with short-term testos-8 Y; Q, d$ W& ?: G7 e: A! W
terone injection or topical androgen may exhibit some" {+ U+ B; i2 W
acceleration of the skeletal maturation; however, after
8 e% P+ k! C [) Q2 o* U: Jcessation of treatment, the rate of bone maturation
- r6 _% |7 P6 Udecelerates and gradually returns to normal.8,95 i8 z0 c% @% z
There are conflicting reports and controversy
* w% H& [% H; Iover the effect of early androgen exposure on adult
# ^ _! C0 @0 T* g3 hpenile length.10,11 Some reports suggest subnormal' `. U% g: t8 H2 A7 m
adult penile length, apparently because of downreg-
8 Q0 ?& Z5 s# \) z8 Kulation of androgen receptor number.10,12 However,8 [1 ~- m \, m% O
Sutherland et al13 did not find a correlation between
7 ^' i6 j( R; m( o) Ychildhood testosterone exposure and reduced adult
( |/ A, ]" W4 B x; V6 Epenile length in clinical studies.& s+ \# e4 j% i: E7 i. W
Nonetheless, we do not believe our patient is: e3 R8 l2 F( X0 g6 C" Y
going to experience any of the untoward effects from+ O Z' F7 C& @) O* F
testosterone exposure as mentioned earlier because/ D0 _7 P2 |4 }8 t5 y' V3 `
the exposure was not for a prolonged period of time.
3 u. X, D- |* s [; w7 }2 cAlthough the bone age was advanced at the time of
# v! ]% P3 ^5 m2 |$ kdiagnosis, the child had a normal growth velocity at
2 ]0 _0 T0 o: y& x2 ethe follow-up visit. It is hoped that his final adult
* ~% [/ @& Q: s5 kheight will not be affected.: K! ~( S$ F$ O" i2 A/ l
Although rarely reported, the widespread avail-3 i) I! }9 p- j4 Q7 v, }! u
ability of androgen products in our society may
9 F7 Q- P2 ~: D' F3 Jindeed cause more virilization in male or female
9 m0 ]+ M4 i& _0 x8 P$ x8 Bchildren than one would realize. Exposure to andro-4 `7 Y$ C5 r% w' ]5 b2 B) f
gen products must be considered and specific ques-$ [# k9 \1 _! D6 h n- ~4 n
tioning about the use of a testosterone product or
. L4 L" |+ H, |) b9 F! kgel should be asked of the family members during
& t3 Q$ k' s6 ?) fthe evaluation of any children who present with vir-
" B2 X. V( Z0 L4 J6 Bilization or peripheral precocious puberty. The diag-
4 `9 r9 N1 m6 E) W" ~nosis can be established by just a few tests and by8 t+ O8 i5 p* T# M$ E
appropriate history. The inability to obtain such a& `& ?2 p$ V$ }; o0 N
history, or failure to ask the specific questions, may5 E6 m. z. P0 g5 x6 _
result in extensive, unnecessary, and expensive J6 X0 H+ U9 w
investigation. The primary care physician should be4 H! h2 Y' A# ~) s1 h
aware of this fact, because most of these children
* l$ w7 t7 R" \6 [ t0 Q8 Fmay initially present in their practice. The Physicians’
8 a7 _& ]! m8 x3 WDesk Reference and package insert should also put a, F' m# p2 e% D5 T& I
warning about the virilizing effect on a male or
H! ~! [6 Q! Q" k9 ~' ofemale child who might come in contact with some-
; |6 S# y" o* D8 D' e( r) O% Q; c1 Uone using any of these products.
( v+ r' ?7 I* G# H" b, KReferences
/ U! R4 Q' R7 ?+ H( C, _1. Styne DM. The testes: disorder of sexual differentiation
, {; [' L0 C C- @4 z; [% c; ~0 |and puberty in the male. In: Sperling MA, ed. Pediatric
$ r# W6 O+ r2 a* _/ uEndocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;
% K8 e6 Z$ G6 C2002: 565-628.1 k5 \. Q. Q& y' p
2. Rivarola M, Belgorosky A, Mendilaharzu H, et al. Precocious
" S9 o3 v t1 h" y m" lpuberty in children with tumours of the suprasellar pineal |
|